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Double dissociation of a latent working memory process.

Gregory G Brown1,2, Virginie M Patt2, John Sawyer3

  • 1a Psychology Service , VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego , CA , USA.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|December 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Computational models reveal working memory (WM) dissociations. A displacement parameter showed distinct deficits in patients with right-hemispheric and left-hemispheric lesions for figural and verbal tasks, respectively.

Keywords:
Construct validitydouble dissociationlateralitymathematical modelsworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Investigated construct validity of a computational working memory (WM) model.
  • Examined if model parameters show double dissociations based on lesion laterality and material type.
  • Previous analysis using total scores failed to find a double dissociation between lesion laterality and WM task version.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a computational model of working memory (WM) can reveal double dissociations of lesion laterality with material type.
  • To enhance the construct validity of neuropsychological performance interpretations using computational models.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analyzed data from 15 controls, 15 left-hemispheric (LH) lesion patients, and 15 right-hemispheric (RH) lesion patients.
  • Administered verbal and figural versions of the continuous paired associates test (CPAT).
  • Fit a WM model (encoding, displacement, episodic memory parameters) to individual performance data.

Main Results:

  • Total score analysis replicated previous findings, failing to show a double dissociation.
  • A double dissociation was observed for the displacement parameter: RH patients impaired on figural WM, LH patients impaired on verbal WM.
  • Both LH and RH patients showed impairments in the figural encode parameter, potentially explaining the lack of total score dissociation.

Conclusions:

  • Computational models can improve construct validity in neuropsychology.
  • The displacement parameter of the WM model successfully differentiated between lesion laterality effects on verbal and figural tasks.
  • Integrating profile and level data within theoretically motivated model parameters enhances interpretation of neuropsychological data.