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Shear-induced emulsion droplet diffusion studies using NMR.

Nicholas N A Ling1, Agnes Haber1, Einar O Fridjonsson1

  • 1School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|December 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) quantified shear-induced droplet diffusion in emulsions, revealing significantly higher diffusion than hard spheres and a peak before emulsion inversion. This study advances understanding of soft sphere dynamics in concentrated systems.

Keywords:
Droplet diffusionEmulsionsFlow compensationNMRPFG

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Interface Science
  • Rheology
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Shear-induced droplet diffusion in hard spheres is well-understood.
  • Soft sphere (emulsion) diffusion under shear is less understood but industrially relevant.
  • Existing literature suggests soft spheres have higher shear-induced diffusion than hard spheres at low concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively measure shear-induced droplet diffusion in emulsions using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
  • To investigate if the higher shear-induced diffusion observed in dilute soft sphere systems persists at high concentrations.
  • To explore the relationship between droplet diffusion, concentration, and droplet size in emulsions.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) pulsed field gradient (PFG) techniques to measure transverse shear-induced droplet diffusion in water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions during capillary flow.
  • Developed signal analysis to differentiate droplet diffusion from molecular diffusion and used flow-compensated sequences to correct for flow effects.
  • Investigated various w/o emulsions, adjusting surfactant content to maintain similar droplet size distributions (DSD) while varying water content and shear rate.

Main Results:

  • Emulsions exhibited significantly greater shear-induced droplet diffusion compared to hard sphere suspensions across all concentrations.
  • A quadratic relationship was observed between droplet diffusion and mean droplet size.
  • A novel peak in the droplet diffusion-concentration relationship was identified in concentrated emulsions, preceding emulsion inversion.

Conclusions:

  • NMR PFG techniques are effective for quantitatively measuring shear-induced droplet diffusion in emulsions.
  • The enhanced shear-induced diffusion of soft spheres relative to hard spheres is a persistent phenomenon, even at high concentrations.
  • The observed peak in diffusion concentration relationship offers new insights into emulsion rheology and stability, particularly near emulsion inversion.