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Prevalence and Characteristics of Human Metapneumovirus Infection Among Hospitalized Children at High Risk for Severe

Evan J Anderson1, Eric A F Simões2, Jim P Buttery3

  • 1Children's Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ilinois.

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
|December 1, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in high-risk children, second only to RSV. Prematurity and chronic lung disease are associated with HMPV infection in hospitalized infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Virology
  • Respiratory medicine

Background:

  • Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a significant pathogen causing respiratory tract infections.
  • Limited data exists on HMPV prevalence and risk factors in high-risk pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of HMPV in high-risk children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).
  • To identify risk factors associated with HMPV infection in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of children ≤24 months with prematurity, chronic lung disease, or congenital cardiac disease hospitalized with LRTI.
  • Nasopharyngeal aspirates tested for HMPV, RSV, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses.
  • Comparison of demographics, medical history, and outcomes between HMPV and RSV infected children; multivariate analysis for risk factors.

Main Results:

  • HMPV was identified in 9.0% of 1126 enrolled children, making it the second most common virus after RSV (45%).
  • HMPV-infected children were older, born more prematurely, and had higher rates of chronic lung disease compared to RSV-infected children.
  • Multivariate analysis indicated increasing age and exposure to young children (6-12 months) as HMPV risk factors, while older gestational age and exposure to older children (>12 months) were protective.

Conclusions:

  • HMPV is a frequent cause of LRTI in high-risk hospitalized children, identified in 9% of cases.
  • HMPV infection in this population is associated with older age at presentation and greater prematurity compared to other viral infections, including RSV.
Abstract

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