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Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Children

Andrea T Cruz1, Amina Ahmed2, Anna M Mandalakas3

  • 1The Tuberculosis Initiative of Texas Children's Hospital, and Sections of Infectious Diseases Emergency Medicine acruz@bcm.edu.

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
|December 1, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) prevents active tuberculosis disease. This review offers recommendations for isoniazid and alternative LTBI therapies based on pediatric and adult studies.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment is crucial for preventing active tuberculosis.
  • Effective LTBI management strategies are essential for global tuberculosis control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current pediatric and adult treatment regimens for latent tuberculosis infection.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for routine and alternative LTBI therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of published pediatric and adult studies on LTBI treatment.
  • Analysis of monotherapy and combination therapy regimens including isoniazid, rifampin, rifapentine, and pyrazinamide.

Main Results:

  • Evaluated various LTBI treatment options: isoniazid and rifampin monotherapy, isoniazid plus rifampin, isoniazid plus rifapentine, and rifampin plus pyrazinamide.
  • Synthesized findings to inform treatment guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • Recommendations are provided for standard (isoniazid) and alternative LTBI treatment courses.
  • Clinical experience in pediatric populations informed the therapeutic recommendations.

Keywords:
AdherenceDirectly Observed Preventive TherapyLatent Tuberculosis Infection

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