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Blastomycosis in Children: A Study of 14 Cases

Evan J Anderson1, Paul B Ahn2, Ram Yogev3

  • 1Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ilinois.

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
|December 1, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Blastomycosis in children often affects the lungs and can spread to other organs. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe outcomes and mortality in pediatric blastomycosis.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Blastomycosis is a serious fungal infection, particularly concerning in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding the clinical spectrum and outcomes in children is essential for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric blastomycosis.
  • To identify factors associated with morbidity and mortality in children with this infection.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 14 children diagnosed with active blastomycosis.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment regimens, and patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary involvement was observed in 86% of cases, with 46% experiencing extrapulmonary dissemination.
  • Urine fungal antigen tests for blastomycosis or histoplasmosis were positive in all patients tested.
  • Acute kidney injury was frequently noted in patients treated with amphotericin B.
  • Delayed diagnosis was associated with increased mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Blastomycosis in children frequently presents with pulmonary disease and can disseminate.
  • Urine antigen testing is a valuable diagnostic tool.
  • Amphotericin B treatment may be linked to acute kidney injury, and prompt diagnosis is critical for survival.
Keywords:
AmphotericinBlastomycosisItraconazolePediatric

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