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Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae remains a concern in Australia. While ceftriaxone susceptibility improved slightly in 2014, penicillin and quinolone resistance rates vary significantly by region.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) has tracked antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae since 1981.
  • Monitoring resistance is crucial for effective treatment of gonococcal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates in Australia for 2014.
  • To identify trends and regional variations in resistance to key antibiotics.

Main Methods:

  • Standardised in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 4,804 clinical isolates.
  • Inclusion of molecular testing data for penicillin resistance in Western Australia.

Main Results:

  • Decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone was observed in 5.4% of isolates nationally, a decrease from 2013.
  • Penicillin resistance ranged from 1.5% in Northern Territory to 43% in New South Wales.
  • Quinolone resistance varied from 3.1% in remote Northern Territory to 44% in Australian Capital Territory.
  • Azithromycin resistance was generally low (0.5%-5.3%), with two high-level resistance strains reported from New South Wales.

Conclusions:

  • While ceftriaxone susceptibility shows some improvement, significant regional variations in penicillin and quinolone resistance persist.
  • Continued surveillance and regional monitoring are essential for guiding gonorrhoea treatment guidelines in Australia.