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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
487
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
1.9K
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
463
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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Acute kidney injury.

Alistair Connell1, Chris Laing2

  • 1Institute of Human Health and Performance, UCL, London, UK alistair.connell@ucl.ac.uk.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|December 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a common hospital condition, often has avoidable causes and suboptimal management. Early, disease-specific treatment and better risk understanding are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Hospital Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of hospitalization, affecting up to 20% of admissions.
  • Even minor elevations in serum creatinine (SCr) are linked to increased mortality and prolonged hospital stays.
  • A significant portion of AKI cases in secondary care are preventable, with suboptimal management reported in over half of cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prevalence and impact of AKI in hospital settings.
  • To underscore the need for improved understanding of AKI risk factors and management strategies.
  • To advocate for early, disease-specific interventions to enhance patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on AKI prevalence, risk factors, and management.
Keywords:
Nephrologyacute kidney injury

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  • Analysis of reports on AKI outcomes and avoidable aspects of care.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of AKI as a heterogeneous condition.

    • Main Results:

    • AKI is common, with significant morbidity and mortality implications.
    • Preventable cases and inadequate management of AKI are prevalent.
    • AKI encompasses diverse kidney structure and function impairments.

    Conclusions:

    • Early, tailored treatment for AKI can potentially improve patient outcomes.
    • Enhanced understanding of risk and standardized care frameworks are essential for diverse patient populations.
    • Optimizing AKI care requires a multi-faceted approach addressing prevention, early detection, and management.