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Asymmetric Outer Bow Length and Cervical Headgear Force System: 3D Analysis Using Finite Element Method.

Allahyar Geramy1, Mehdi Hassanpour2, Elham Sadat Emadian Razavi3

  • 1Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran)
|December 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Asymmetric cervical headgear with greater outer bow length differences generated increased distal and lateral forces. A length difference up to 15mm is considered safe for clinical use in orthodontics.

Keywords:
Extraoral Traction AppliancesFinite Element AnalysisForceOrthodonticUnilateral

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Biomechanics
  • Finite Element Analysis

Background:

  • Cervical headgear is used in orthodontics to control maxillary growth.
  • The biomechanical effects of headgear asymmetry are not fully understood.
  • Outer bow length variations can influence force distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the distal and lateral forces and moments generated by asymmetric cervical headgear with varying outer bow lengths.
  • To determine the relationship between outer bow length differences and asymmetric forces/moments.

Main Methods:

  • Four 3D finite element method (FEM) models of cervical headgear and maxillary structures were created.
  • Models simulated symmetric and asymmetric outer bow lengths (5mm, 10mm, 15mm differences).
  • A 2.5 N horizontal force was applied, and forces/moments were calculated.

Main Results:

  • A 15mm difference in outer bow length produced the greatest lateral (0.21 N) and distal (1.008 N) forces.
  • Significant net yawing moments (5.044 N.mm) were generated with greater asymmetry.
  • Increased outer bow length differences led to greater asymmetric effects.

Conclusions:

  • Outer bow length asymmetry significantly influences the forces and moments delivered by cervical headgear.
  • Greater distal force on the longer arm side correlates with increased lateral force towards the shorter arm side.
  • A length difference range of 1mm to 15mm is deemed safe for clinical application of cervical headgear.