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Long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 in tumor biology
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, P.R. China ; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xicheng, Beijing 100037, P.R. China.
Abstract:
The recognition of the biological relevance of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) molecules has only recently been recognized as one of the most significant advances in contemporary molecular biology. A growing body of evidence indicates that lncRNAs act not only as the intermediary between DNA and protein but also as significant protagonists of cellular functions. The dysregulation of lncRNAs has increasingly been linked to numerous human diseases, particularly cancers. Recent studies have demonstrated that the lncRNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) was pervasively downexpressed in most human cancers compared with non-cancerous adjacent tissues including gastric, breast, lung and prostate cancer. In addition, patients with decreased GAS5 expression have a significantly poorer prognosis than those with higher expression. Furthermore, GAS5 is involved in the control of cell apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, DNA repair and tumor cell metabolism. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge concerning the role of GAS5 in tumor expression and biology function.
Insights
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) molecules, like GAS5, are crucial in cell functions and cancer development. Reduced GAS5 expression is linked to poor prognosis in various human cancers, highlighting its tumor-suppressive role.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genomics
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of cellular functions.
- Dysregulation of lncRNAs is implicated in various human diseases, especially cancer.
- Growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is frequently downregulated in multiple cancer types.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of GAS5's role in cancer.
- To explore the biological functions of GAS5 in tumor development.
- To correlate GAS5 expression levels with patient prognosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on GAS5 in human cancers.
- Analysis of GAS5 expression patterns in tumor tissues versus adjacent non-cancerous tissues.
- Examination of GAS5's involvement in cellular processes like apoptosis, proliferation, and metastasis.
Main Results:
- GAS5 is significantly downexpressed in gastric, breast, lung, and prostate cancers.
- Lower GAS5 expression correlates with poorer patient prognosis.
- GAS5 influences critical cancer-related pathways including apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, DNA repair, and metabolism.
Conclusions:
- GAS5 is a crucial tumor suppressor lncRNA with a significant role in various cancers.
- GAS5 expression levels can serve as a prognostic biomarker for cancer patients.
- Further research into GAS5's functions may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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