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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: An Economic and Efficient Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Bone Microarchitecture in a Murine Osteoporosis Model
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The obesity of bone.

Emanuela A Greco1, Andrea Lenzi1, Silvia Migliaccio2

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
|December 2, 2015
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Summary

Obesity may increase osteoporosis risk, challenging previous beliefs. Fat tissue influences bone health through adipokines and hormones, suggesting bone may be an endocrine organ.

Keywords:
adipocyteadipokinesbone-derived factorsfat bone marrowmesenchymal stem cellobesityosteoblastosteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Obesity and osteoporosis are significant global health issues.
  • The protective role of obesity against osteoporosis is increasingly questioned.
  • Emerging evidence links high fat mass to increased osteoporosis and fracture risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex relationship between adipose tissue and bone.
  • To explore potential positive and negative interactions between fat and bone.
  • To evaluate the hypothesis that osteoporosis is 'the obesity of bone'.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiologic and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms linking adipose tissue and bone.
  • Examination of the endocrine functions of both fat and bone tissues.

Main Results:

  • Adipose tissue secretes adipokines affecting metabolic and skeletal systems.
  • Fat tissue is a source of aromatase, influencing estrogen synthesis crucial for bone health.
  • Bone cells express hormone receptors, and bone-derived factors impact metabolic homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • The skeleton functions as an endocrine organ, influencing other systems.
  • Adipose and bone tissues share common progenitor cells, impacting differentiation.
  • Osteoporosis may be conceptualized as a bone-specific manifestation of obesity.