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Factors affecting running economy.

D W Morgan1, P E Martin, G S Krahenbuhl

  • 1Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Leisure Studies, Washington State University, Pullman.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|May 1, 1989
PubMed
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Running economy, the steady-state oxygen consumption (VO2) during running, significantly impacts distance running performance. Factors influencing this aerobic demand are complex, but improvements in running economy are linked to endurance success.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Running economy, defined as steady-state oxygen consumption (VO2) at a given velocity, is a key determinant of distance running performance.
  • While its importance is recognized, the physiological, environmental, structural, and mechanical factors influencing running economy are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the factors affecting running economy and its relationship with running performance.
  • To review methodologies for quantifying running economy and discuss its implications for training and development.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of steady-state VO2 during submaximal running at standardized speeds.
  • Analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies examining the relationship between running economy, VO2 max, and performance.

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  • Review of factors including age, gender, and running environment (treadmill vs. overground).

    • Main Results:

    • Running economy significantly explains performance variation in runners with similar VO2 max.
    • Steady-state VO2 is typically achieved within 3 minutes at moderate work rates.
    • While generally not gender-dependent, some studies suggest males may be more economical; children and older adults are less economical than younger adults.
    • Overground running has higher aerobic demands than treadmill running due to air resistance.

    Conclusions:

    • Running economy is a critical factor in endurance running performance, alongside VO2 max.
    • Improvements in running economy through training and growth are linked to enhanced endurance.
    • Understanding the determinants of running economy can inform training strategies for distance runners.