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Aerobic exercise during pregnancy. Special considerations.

S P Sady1, M W Carpenter

  • 1Brown University Program in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island.

Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)
|June 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy alters aerobic exercise responses, increasing oxygen consumption (VO2) and cardiac output. Maternal cardiovascular adjustments ensure adequate blood flow to the uterus and fetus during exercise.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Exercise Science
  • Maternal Health

Background:

  • Maternal physiology undergoes significant changes during pregnancy, impacting responses to aerobic exercise.
  • Key physiological parameters like oxygen consumption (VO2), cardiac output, heart rate (HR), and stroke volume (SV) are altered.
  • Changes in plasma volume and red cell volume lead to hemodilutional anemia, affecting oxygen-carrying capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute and chronic responses to aerobic exercise during pregnancy.
  • To explore the effects of gestational age, maternal activity status, and exercise parameters on maternal cardiovascular responses.
  • To understand how exercise affects maternal VO2 and cardiac output in pregnant individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on maternal physiological responses to aerobic exercise during pregnancy.
  • Analysis of studies examining cardiovascular responses (cardiac output, HR, SV) during submaximal exertion.
  • Examination of data on oxygen consumption (VO2) and VO2max in pregnant women during various exercise modes.

Main Results:

  • Maternal cardiac output increases during submaximal exercise in pregnancy, driven by elevated HR and SV.
  • Changes in submaximal exercise VO2 depend on exercise mode; it increases during weight-bearing exercise.
  • The relationship between cardiac output and VO2 in pregnant women falls within the range of non-pregnant individuals, with lower arterial-venous oxygen difference.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy-induced hemodynamic changes, particularly augmented cardiac output, aim to maintain uterine and fetal blood flow during exercise.
  • While exercising muscle perfusion appears unchanged, further research is needed on uterine blood flow during exercise in pregnant women.
  • The physiological adaptations support aerobic exercise in pregnancy, but careful consideration of exercise type and intensity is warranted.

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