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Screening for colorectal carcinoma.

G H Lytle1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Oral Roberts University School of Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Seminars in Surgical Oncology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Colorectal cancer screening using fecal occult blood tests and sigmoidoscopy may detect the disease early or prevent it. Further research is needed to confirm benefits and cost-effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Colorectal carcinoma affects 147,000 Americans annually, representing 15% of all cancer diagnoses and 12% of cancer deaths.
  • Early detection through screening can lead to better outcomes and potentially prevent disease progression, especially when polyps are removed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of colorectal cancer screening to reduce incidence and mortality.
  • To assess the role of fecal occult blood tests and sigmoidoscopy in screening asymptomatic and high-risk individuals.
  • To address the ongoing questions regarding the definitive benefits and cost-effectiveness of screening.

Main Methods:

  • Review of screening modalities including fecal occult blood tests and sigmoidoscopy.
  • Consideration of both general screening for asymptomatic patients and selective screening for high-risk populations.
  • Analysis of current educational initiatives aimed at improving screening compliance.

Main Results:

  • Screening holds promise for earlier disease detection and potential prevention through polyp removal.
  • The impact of screening on reducing colorectal carcinoma incidence and mortality requires further definitive confirmation.
  • The cost-effectiveness evaluation of current screening strategies remains somewhat questionable due to a lack of absolute benefit confirmation.

Conclusions:

  • Colorectal cancer screening, utilizing fecal occult blood tests and sigmoidoscopy, offers a potential strategy for early detection and prevention.
  • Continued research and educational efforts are crucial to establish definitive benefits, optimize compliance, and clarify the cost-effectiveness of screening programs.
  • Reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma through widespread screening is a key objective, though further evidence is warranted.

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