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Human Evolution: The Real Cause for Birth Palsy.

R Sreekanth1, B P Thomas2

  • 1Dr Paul Brand Centre for Hand and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, TN, India-632004.

The West Indian Medical Journal
|December 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human evolution has increased the risk of birth palsy, also known as obstetric brachial plexus paralysis (OBPP), due to anatomical changes in both mothers and newborns. This makes the birthing process precarious for humans and small-bodied primates.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Primatology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Birth palsy, or obstetric brachial plexus paralysis (OBPP), is a nerve injury during birth.
  • It results in upper limb paralysis and contractures.
  • Understanding its susceptibility in humans and primates is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the susceptibility of humans and small-bodied primates to birth palsy.
  • To determine if evolutionary changes in pelvic and neonatal morphology cause OBPP.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative study of parturition in humans, hominoids, hominids, great apes, and small-bodied primates.
  • Analysis of changes in female pelvis and neonatal head/shoulder size during human evolution.

Main Results:

  • Human evolution led to a narrower, twisted female pelvis and larger fetal head/shoulders.
  • These changes create a narrow margin for error during birth in humans and small-bodied primates.
  • Increased risk of birth injuries like OBPP necessitates careful obstetric care.

Conclusions:

  • Human evolution is the primary cause of birth palsy susceptibility in human infants.
  • Anatomical adaptations during evolution predispose newborns to birth injuries.