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Characterization of the Acute Inflammatory Response in Measles Infection

Jaap Ten Oever1, Anca Riza2, Mihaela Sabou3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, and Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), The Netherlands.

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
|December 2, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Measles in hospitalized children showed low levels of many cytokines but high levels of others, indicating a specific inflammatory response. This cytokine profile may help in diagnosing measles.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Measles is a highly contagious viral illness.
  • Understanding the immune response during measles is crucial for patient management.
  • The specific cytokine profile in pediatric measles requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the circulating cytokine profile in hospitalized children with measles.
  • To identify biomarkers associated with the inflammatory response in measles.
  • To explore the potential of cytokine profiles in the differential diagnosis of measles.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of serum cytokine concentrations in 167 hospitalized children diagnosed with measles.
  • Measurement of interleukins (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-4, IL-18, and interferons (IFN)-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ.
  • Assessment of leukopenia and lactate dehydrogenase levels.

Main Results:

  • Low circulating concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-4, IFN-α, IFN-β, and T helper-17 cytokines were observed.
  • Leukopenia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and increased concentrations of IL-18 and IFN-γ characterized the inflammatory response.
  • A distinct cytokine signature was identified in pediatric measles patients.

Conclusions:

  • The immunologic response in pediatric measles is characterized by a complex interplay of decreased and increased cytokine levels.
  • The identified cytokine and biomarker profile may aid in the differential diagnosis of measles in hospitalized children.
  • Further research can validate these findings for clinical diagnostic utility.
Keywords:
inflammatory responseinterferon-γinterleukin-18measlesoral candidiasis

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