Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

1.7K
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
1.7K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

1.2K
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
1.2K
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

2.2K
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
2.2K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

1.1K
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
1.1K
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.2K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
2.2K
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.6K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Water chemistry controlled enhancement of electrokinetic transport and reactant delivery in low-permeability zones.

Water research·2026
Same author

Toward Decarbonized Metal Mining and Shifting Environmental Impacts: A Quantitative Comparative Assessment.

Environmental science & technology·2026
Same author

Giant Maxillary Antral Mucocele Consequent To Allergic Fungal Sinusitis.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India·2025
Same author

The crucial balance in surgical margins for head and neck oncology.

Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale·2025
Same author

The crucial balance in surgical margins for head and neck oncology.

Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale·2025
Same author

Prognostic significance of surgical margins in laryngeal cancer treated by transoral laser microsurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

9.7K

Autoimmune epilepsy.

Antonio Greco1, Maria Ida Rizzo2, Armando De Virgilio2

  • 1Department Organs of Sense, ENT Section, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100 Roma, Italy.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|December 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune epilepsy is increasingly recognized as a cause of drug-resistant seizures. Early diagnosis and immunotherapy are crucial for optimal patient outcomes in autoimmune epilepsy.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseAutoimmune epilepsyAutoimmune seizuresEpilepsyRefractory epilepsy

More Related Videos

Preparation and Implantation of Electrodes for Electrically Kindling VGAT-Cre Mice to Generate a Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
09:29

Preparation and Implantation of Electrodes for Electrically Kindling VGAT-Cre Mice to Generate a Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 17, 2021

3.0K
A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
05:33

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

3.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
07:01

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

9.7K
Preparation and Implantation of Electrodes for Electrically Kindling VGAT-Cre Mice to Generate a Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
09:29

Preparation and Implantation of Electrodes for Electrically Kindling VGAT-Cre Mice to Generate a Model for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Published on: August 17, 2021

3.0K
A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
05:33

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

3.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a common chronic brain disorder, but seizure generation mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • Growing evidence suggests an autoimmune basis for drug-resistant epilepsy.
  • Epilepsy and autoimmune diseases frequently co-occur, highlighting a potential link.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss autoimmune epilepsy as a distinct neurological disorder.
  • To outline diagnostic criteria for suspected autoimmune epilepsy.
  • To emphasize the importance of early immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of accumulating data supporting autoimmune basis in epilepsy.
  • Identification of diagnostic indicators for autoimmune epilepsy.
  • Discussion of clinical presentation and diagnostic workup.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmune epilepsy is characterized by neural autoantibodies and response to immunotherapy.
  • Diagnostic suspicion arises from intractable seizures, neural antibodies, inflammation, or history of autoimmunity.
  • Early consideration of autoimmune etiology is vital for effective treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune epilepsy is an important diagnosis to consider in new-onset epilepsy.
  • Detection of neural autoantibodies and inflammatory markers aids diagnosis.
  • Prompt immunotherapy significantly improves patient outcomes in autoimmune epilepsy.