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High burden of RSV hospitalization in very young children: a data linkage study

N Homaira1, J-L Oei1, K-A Mallitt1

  • 1Discipline of Paediatrics,School of Women's and Children's Health,Faculty of Medicine,UNSWAustralia.

Epidemiology and Infection
|December 3, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes significant childhood hospitalizations in Australia, particularly in infants under 3 months, Indigenous children, and those born preterm or with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). This places a substantial burden on healthcare resources.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of childhood respiratory infections globally.
  • Estimating the burden of RSV hospitalizations is crucial for resource allocation and intervention strategies.
  • Previous studies may not fully capture the population-level impact and associated costs in diverse pediatric subgroups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the incidence and economic burden of childhood RSV hospitalizations in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
  • To identify specific pediatric populations at higher risk for RSV hospitalization.
  • To inform public health policies and resource planning for RSV prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized linked administrative population data for children under 5 years born in NSW between 2001 and 2010.
  • Calculated RSV hospitalization incidence per 1000 child-years at risk.
  • Estimated mean cost per RSV hospitalization episode using public hospital cost weights.

Main Results:

  • The overall incidence of RSV hospitalization was 4.9 per 1000 child-years, with a significantly higher rate of 25.6 in infants under 3 months.
  • Indigenous children (11.0/1000 child-years) and those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (81.5/1000 child-years) faced elevated risks.
  • Preterm infants, particularly those with gestational age (GA) <28 weeks (39.0/1000 child-years), also showed increased hospitalization rates.
  • Annual RSV hospitalization costs exceeded AUD 9 million in NSW.

Conclusions:

  • RSV imposes a substantial hospitalization burden on young children in Australia, disproportionately affecting infants <3 months, Indigenous children, and those with prematurity or BPD.
  • The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and preventative measures for high-risk pediatric groups.
  • Economic analysis indicates a significant healthcare cost associated with RSV, underscoring the importance of effective management strategies.

Keywords:
Epidemiologyestimating disease prevalenceglobal vaccine issuesinfectious disease epidemiologypaediatrics

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