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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

11.1K
Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
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Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

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Cell Death Signaling.

Douglas R Green1, Fabien Llambi1

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|December 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, is vital for tissue health. These processes utilize distinct signaling pathways to eliminate harmful cells, maintaining organismal balance.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Cell death is essential for multicellular organisms, maintaining tissue homeostasis and removing harmful cells.
  • Three primary types of cell death exist: apoptosis (Type I), autophagic cell death (Type II), and necrosis (Type III).
  • These processes are regulated by distinct, yet sometimes overlapping, signaling pathways activated by specific stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct signaling pathways governing apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and necrosis.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which these cell death types are initiated and executed.
  • To highlight the role of cell death in maintaining tissue homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established literature on cell death pathways.

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Measuring Composition of CD95 Death-Inducing Signaling Complex and Processing of Procaspase-8 in this Complex
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  • Analysis of signaling cascades involved in apoptosis (extrinsic and intrinsic pathways).
  • Examination of the mechanisms underlying autophagic cell death and necrotic cell death, including key protein kinases like RIP3.

    • Main Results:

    • Apoptosis involves caspase activation via death receptor or mitochondrial pathways.
    • Autophagy, primarily a survival mechanism, can actively promote cell death in specific contexts.
    • Necrosis is characterized by plasma membrane loss, often mediated by pathways involving RIP3.

    Conclusions:

    • Cell death pathways are diverse and crucial for physiological processes.
    • Understanding these pathways is key to comprehending tissue homeostasis and disease.
    • Apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis represent distinct yet interconnected cellular elimination strategies.