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Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Optimal Foraging00:48

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How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
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Palatable Western-style Cafeteria Diet as a Reliable Method for Modeling Diet-induced Obesity in Rodents
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Food Retailers and Obesity.

Rosemary A Stanton1

  • 1School of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, 2866 Moss Vale Road, Barrengarry, 2577, Australia. rosemary.stanton@westnet.com.au.

Current Obesity Reports
|December 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marketing strategies in an obesogenic environment significantly influence dietary choices, contributing to increased obesity. Supermarkets and fast food retailers employ tactics to promote ultra-processed foods and attract consumers, especially children.

Keywords:
Fast foodsObesityRetailingSupermarketsUltra-Processed foods

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Food Marketing

Background:

  • Modern environments promote sedentary lifestyles and increased consumption of energy-dense foods.
  • Marketing influences consumer behavior, particularly towards palatable, profitable ultra-processed foods.
  • Retail environments and advertising tactics are designed to maximize food purchases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the role of marketing in shaping dietary choices within an obesogenic environment.
  • To understand how supermarkets and fast food retailers influence consumer purchasing behavior.
  • To identify marketing tactics targeting children.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of marketing strategies employed by supermarkets and fast food companies.
  • Examination of product placement, advertising, and promotional tactics.
  • Review of factors contributing to increased energy intake and decreased energy expenditure.

Main Results:

  • Marketing significantly drives consumption of ultra-processed foods.
  • Supermarkets utilize store layout and branding to manipulate buying behavior.
  • Fast food marketing, including non-food incentives, targets children effectively.
  • Increased energy intake and decreased physical activity are linked to marketing influences.

Conclusions:

  • The obesogenic environment is exacerbated by sophisticated marketing practices.
  • Marketing by food retailers is a key contributor to the rise in obesity.
  • Understanding these marketing influences is crucial for public health interventions.