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Acute non-dilating obstructive renal failure in a patient with AIDS
D A Spector1, R S Katz, H Fuller
1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
American Journal of Nephrology
|January 1, 1989
Summary
A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) experienced acute renal failure due to histiocytic lymphoma encasing the renal pelves. Prompt relief of this obstruction rapidly restored normal kidney function, highlighting a rare but critical complication.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Oncology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with various complications, including renal diseases.
- Lymphoma is a known opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS.
- Acute renal failure necessitates prompt diagnosis and intervention to preserve renal function.
Observation:
- A 30-year-old male with AIDS presented with acute renal failure.
- Standard imaging (sonography, CT) did not reveal urinary tract dilation.
- Retrograde pyelography confirmed obstructive renal failure.
Findings:
- The obstruction was caused by histiocytic lymphoma encasing the renal pelves and ureters.
- Relief of the lymphoma-induced obstruction led to immediate recovery of normal renal function.
Implications:
- This case highlights an unusual cause of obstructive renal failure in an AIDS patient.
- Tumor-related renal disease, specifically lymphoma, should be considered in AIDS patients with renal dysfunction.
- Early recognition and management of lymphoma-related renal obstruction can prevent irreversible kidney damage.