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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Related Experiment Video

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Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms
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Comparing brains by matching connectivity profiles.

Rogier B Mars1, Lennart Verhagen2, Thomas E Gladwin3

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|December 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Comparative neuroscience uses brain connectivity fingerprints to quantify differences between species. This method identifies homologous areas and reveals evolutionary drivers of brain organization, like in the human and macaque frontal cortex.

Keywords:
Brain architectureComparative neuroscienceConnectivityConnectivity fingerprintPrimate

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative neuroscience
  • Neuroanatomy
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Understanding brain evolution requires quantifying organizational differences across species.
  • The relationship between brain organization, evolutionary history, and ecological niche is key.
  • Current methods lack formal approaches for comparing brain connectivity across diverse species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantifiable method for comparing cortical connectivity across different brains.
  • To identify homologous cortical areas between species using connectivity patterns.
  • To investigate the drivers of differences in brain organization between species.

Main Methods:

  • Characterizing cortical regions by their unique connectivity patterns, termed 'connectivity fingerprints'.
  • Formally comparing connectivity fingerprints between cortical areas in human and non-human primate brains.
  • Illustrating the approach by comparing the frontal cortex organization in humans and macaques.

Main Results:

  • The connectivity fingerprint approach successfully identifies between-species homologous cortical areas.
  • General similarities in frontal cortex organization were observed between humans and macaques.
  • Specific differences were noted in the lateral frontal pole organization between the two species.

Conclusions:

  • Connectivity fingerprints provide a robust method for quantitative comparison of brain organization across species.
  • This approach aids in identifying homologous regions and understanding the evolution of brain structure.
  • Differences in specific areas, like the lateral frontal pole, may reflect species-specific adaptations.