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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Antifungal Agents01:15

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Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
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Related Experiment Video

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Bio-energetics Investigation of Candida albicans Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis
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Bio-energetics Investigation of Candida albicans Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis

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Controversies in Candida management.

A El Zakhem1, H Saad1, R Tayyar1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
|December 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review addresses controversies in invasive candidiasis (IC) management. Early central line removal and preferred antifungal agents are discussed, alongside the benefits of pre-emptive therapy using risk scores and biomarkers for early detection.

Keywords:
CandidaCandida parapsilosisCentral line-associated bloodstream candidaemiaInvasive candidiasisPre-emptive therapyProphylaxis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • Invasive candidiasis (IC) presents significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Despite diagnostic and management advances, several controversies persist.
  • Antifungal resistance necessitates optimized treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and clarify controversies in invasive candidiasis diagnosis and management.
  • To examine evidence supporting different treatment approaches for IC.
  • To highlight the role of biomarkers and predictive models in early IC detection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies addressing IC management controversies.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding central line-associated candidaemia treatment.
  • Evaluation of different antifungal treatment strategies (prophylactic, empirical, pre-emptive, directed).

Main Results:

  • Early central line removal is favored for central line-associated candidaemia.
  • Echinocandins or polyenes are preferred agents, with azoles considered for Candida parapsilosis.
  • Empirical echinocandin use showed no worse outcomes for C. parapsilosis.
  • Prophylaxis is standard for high-risk cancer patients but debated for VLBW infants and ICU patients.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-emptive therapy using predictive models and biomarkers (e.g., β-d-glucan) offers a cost-effective approach.
  • Optimizing clinical predictive models and biomarkers is crucial for early IC detection.
  • Antifungal stewardship principles should guide treatment decisions.