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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Genome-wide Screen for miRNA Targets Using the MISSION Target ID Library
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Dysregulation of microRNA biogenesis machinery in cancer

Akiko Hata1, Risa Kashima1

  • 1a Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA.

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|December 3, 2015
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and cell functions. This review focuses on how defects in miRNA biogenesis contribute to cancer development.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, influencing critical cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation.
  • Dysregulation of specific miRNAs, termed onco-microRNAs (onco-miRs) and tumor suppressor microRNAs (suppressor-miRs), is implicated in human cancers.
  • Aberrant miRNA levels can arise from defects in the miRNA biogenesis pathway, contributing to tumorigenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the dysregulation of the miRNA biogenesis pathway.
  • To explore the contribution of altered miRNA biogenesis to cancer development.
  • To highlight the role of global miRNA level changes in tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on miRNA biogenesis and cancer.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on the impact of miRNA biogenesis defects on tumorigenesis.
  • Synthesis of information on the role of onco-miRs and suppressor-miRs in cancer.

Main Results:

  • Defects in miRNA biogenesis pathways lead to altered global miRNA levels, contributing to cancer.
  • Specific onco-miRs and suppressor-miRs, along with their target genes, are crucial in cancer development.
  • The review consolidates current knowledge on the link between miRNA biogenesis and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis is a significant factor in human cancer.
  • Understanding these pathways offers potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
  • Further research into miRNA biogenesis defects is essential for cancer research.
Keywords:
ArgonauteDGCR8DicerDroshaTRBPmicroRNApost-translational modificationspre-miRNApri-miRNAprocessingstability

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