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Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

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Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
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Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
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Relationship between adiponectin receptor 1 gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke.

Qian Han1, Zunhua Shu2, Xuemei Liang1

  • 1Department of Internal Neurology, Tianjin 4th Central Hospital Tianjin 300140, China.

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|December 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) gene variations, specifically rs2275737 and rs1342387, are linked to an increased risk of ischemic stroke. This finding highlights potential genetic factors contributing to stroke development.

Keywords:
Ischemic strokeadiponectin receptor 1 genesingle nucleotide polymorphisms

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Previous research indicated a link between ADIPOR2 gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk.
  • The association between ADIPOR1 gene polymorphism and stroke susceptibility remained undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between ADIPOR1 gene polymorphisms (rs2275737 and rs1342387) and the risk of ischemic stroke.
  • To clarify the role of ADIPOR1 in stroke pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Employed polymerase chain reaction-sequencing to genotype ADIPOR1 variants rs2275737 and rs1342387.
  • Analyzed 300 ischemic stroke patients and 300 healthy controls, matched for age and sex.

Main Results:

  • The A allele for rs2275737 was significantly associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke (OR=2.570).
  • The A allele for rs1342387 also showed an association with stroke risk (OR=1.351).
  • These associations remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors like hypertension, diabetes, and smoking.

Conclusions:

  • ADIPOR1 genetic polymorphisms, specifically rs2275737 and rs1342387, may contribute to an elevated risk of developing ischemic stroke.
  • These findings suggest ADIPOR1 as a potential genetic marker for ischemic stroke susceptibility.