Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

673
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
673
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

7.2K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
7.2K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

1.2K
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
1.2K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.7K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.7K
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

3.6K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over...
3.6K
Hazard Rate01:11

Hazard Rate

509
The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...
509

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An inductive learning intervention to improve news veracity discernment.

Journal of experimental psychology. Applied·2026
Same author

Narcissism Is Associated With Blunted Error-Related Brain Activity.

Journal of personality·2025
Same author

Elevated prodromal psychotic symptoms lead to impaired social functioning via loneliness: A longitudinal mediation study.

Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology·2025
Same author

Authenticity is more than self-enhancement: behavioural and neurophysiological evidence.

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience·2025
Same author

Nostalgia and the positive valence system.

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)·2025
Same author

Decoding the Narcissistic Brain.

NeuroImage·2025
Same journal

Epidemiological characteristics of amebiasis in Japan from 2001 to 2022.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal associations of academic stress with eating related patterns, nutrition, somatic indicators, and depressive symptoms in university students: A study protocol.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Pollution removal efficiency enhancement by agricultural biomass additions in constructed wetlands: A framework integrating meta-analysis with explainable machine learning.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Insulation failure mapping on power transformer bushing using FRA and electrostatic simulation.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Enhancing medical Q&A systems with multimodal knowledge graphs and dual-layer attention mechanisms.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

UAMP: Consistent video object segmentation with uncertainty-aware memory propagation.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

16.1K

Thinking about Death Reduces Delay Discounting.

Nicholas J Kelley1, Brandon J Schmeichel2

  • 1Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America.

Plos One
|December 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reminders of death may increase the perceived value of future rewards. This study found that mortality salience led participants to discount future monetary gains less, suggesting a shift towards valuing the future more.

More Related Videos

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

9.3K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

16.1K
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

9.3K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.3K

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Mortality salience, the awareness of one's own death, can influence decision-making.
  • Delay discounting, the tendency to devalue future rewards, is a key aspect of intertemporal choice.
  • Competing theories predict whether mortality salience enhances present or future-oriented choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test competing hypotheses on how mortality salience affects delay discounting.
  • To determine if reminders of death increase the subjective value of immediate or future rewards.

Main Methods:

  • 118 participants were exposed to mortality salience or a control condition (dental pain).
  • Participants completed an intertemporal choice task, trading $50 now for increasing future rewards at three months.
  • Delay discounting rates were calculated based on indifference points.

Main Results:

  • Mortality salience led to less delay discounting compared to the control condition.
  • Participants in the mortality salience group required less future money ($66.67) to forgo $50 now, versus the control group ($72.84).
  • This indicates a reduced devaluation of future monetary gains.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the construal level theory prediction that mortality salience increases the subjective value of the future.
  • Awareness of death may promote greater preference for delayed, larger rewards over immediate smaller ones.
  • This has implications for understanding long-term decision-making under existential threat.