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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

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Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
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Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
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Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
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Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

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Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
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Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids01:02

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of β-Ketoacids

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Carboxylic acids, upon heating, undergo a decarboxylation reaction by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Monocarboxylic acids do not undergo decarboxylation easily. However, a silver salt of carboxylic acid reacts with bromine or iodine under high temperature to release carbon dioxide gas and forms halide with one less carbon. This reaction is called the Hunsdiecker reaction.
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Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:31

Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

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Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
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Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Published on: January 29, 2011

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Myth busting in carbon monoxide poisoning.

Neil B Hampson1

  • 1Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, 98101.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|December 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Many common beliefs about carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning are myths. This review debunks four widespread misconceptions about CO poisoning, emphasizing the need to verify medical information with original sources.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Medical Myths

Background:

  • Medical evidence often relies on weak foundations like opinion or hearsay.
  • Widely accepted medical facts can be outdated, inaccurate, or lack supporting data.
  • Such unsupported beliefs are termed medical myths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To debunk four common myths regarding carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.
  • To highlight the importance of critically evaluating medical information and original sources.
  • To correct prevalent misconceptions in the field of CO poisoning research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of author's 25-year research career in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.
  • Analysis of widely held beliefs versus empirical evidence.

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  • Identification and refutation of four specific CO poisoning myths.

    • Main Results:

    • Myth 1: Symptoms do not reliably correlate with presenting blood carboxyhemoglobin levels.
    • Myth 2: Homes without fuel-burning appliances are not immune to CO poisoning.
    • Myth 3: Rapid arterial blood carboxyhemoglobin measurement is not always necessary.
    • Myth 4: CO poisoning does not necessarily predispose to premature long-term cardiac death.

    Conclusions:

    • Four prevalent myths surrounding carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning have been disproven.
    • Critical assessment of medical literature and reliance on original sources are crucial.
    • Accurate understanding of CO poisoning risks and diagnosis is vital for patient safety.