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Notes from the Field: Increase in Human Cases of Tularemia--Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming,

Caitlin Pedati, Jennifer House, Jessica Hancock-Allen

    MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
    |December 4, 2015
    PubMed

    Insights

    Tularemia cases significantly increased in 2015 across Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. This rare bacterial disease, Francisella tularensis, saw a notable rise in reported infections in these four states.

    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Bacteriology
    • Public Health Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a gram-negative coccobacillus.
    • It affects humans and animals across the Northern Hemisphere.
    • Annual US tularemia cases averaged approximately 125 over the past two decades.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report and analyze the substantial increase in tularemia cases in 2015 in specific US states.
    • To highlight the epidemiological trends of this rare infectious disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of reported tularemia cases.
    • Data collected from Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming as of September 30, 2015.
    • Comparison of 2015 case counts with the 2004-2014 annual average.

    Main Results:

    • A total of 100 tularemia cases were reported in 2015 across the four states.
    • Colorado reported 43 cases (975% increase from average).
    • Nebraska (21 cases, 200% increase), South Dakota (20 cases, 186% increase), and Wyoming (16 cases, 70% increase) also showed significant rises.

    Conclusions:

    • The year 2015 marked a substantial increase in tularemia incidence in Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming.
    • These findings underscore the need for continued surveillance and awareness of Francisella tularensis infections.

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