Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine

The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of the spine is expanding rapidly. In addition to being noninvasive, MRI offers high soft-tissue contrast and multiplanar imaging capability. MRI examinations of the spine usually include a T1-weighted spin-echo and a T2-weighted spin-echo and/or a gradient-echo sequence. As in other parts of the body, the use of surface coils results in higher-quality examinations. Various methods are employed to reduce the motion artifacts that are particularly troublesome in spine imaging. Paramagnetic contrast agents are used to enhance soft-tissue lesions. The contrast sensitivity of MRI provides a unique means to assess the intervertebral disc, and MRI is rapidly becoming the method of choice for evaluation of disc disease. It is also very sensitive and accurate in the detection of osteomyelitis of the spine. MRI has improved the evaluation of failed back surgery syndrome, and the administration of gadolinium-diethylene trimene pentacidic acid helps to differentiate postsurgical scar from recurrent disc herniation. MRI is an unparalleled tool for the detection and evaluation of intramedullary lesions including syringomyelia, gliomas, hematomas, and lesions associated with dysraphism. It is also useful in many extramedullary intradural processes. In summary, MRI is the best first examination for spinal disease.