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Immunodeficiency in old age.

G Wick1, L A Huber, F Offner

  • 1Institute for General and Experimental Pathology, University of Innsbruck, Medical School, Austria.

Current Problems in Dermatology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
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Aging impairs immune function, partly due to altered lipid metabolism in immune cells. Cholesterol transport disruptions in lymphoid cells may explain decreased immune reactivity in the elderly. Further research is needed.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Immune function declines with age, characterized by reduced reactivity to foreign antigens and increased autoimmunity.
  • Altered lipid metabolism in immune cells, particularly changes in plasma membrane fluidity, is hypothesized to contribute to age-related immune dysfunction.
  • The balance of cholesterol transport and intracellular synthesis in immune cells may be disturbed during aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immune parameters of normal aging, independent of disease.
  • To explore the role of altered lipid metabolism in the senescent immune system.
  • To define the impact of cholesterol transport and membrane fluidity on immune cell function in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor activity on immune cells using fluorescently labeled lipoproteins.

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  • Utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis to quantify receptor activity.
  • Investigated the effect of 'active lipid 721' (AL 721) on plasma membrane fluidity and immune cell function.

    • Main Results:

    • Elderly individuals showed unexpectedly increased LDL receptor uptake on lymphoid cells.
    • LDL receptor regulation and serum LDL composition appeared normal in the elderly.
    • Preliminary findings suggest that cholesterol efflux via HDL may be insufficient in aging.
    • AL 721 did not act as a membrane fluidizer but rather as a nutrient for lymphocytes and monocytes.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging disrupts the delicate balance of cholesterol transport in immune cells, potentially impacting immune function.
    • Increased LDL uptake and possibly insufficient HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux contribute to altered lipid metabolism in aging immune cells.
    • AL 721's effects on immune cells are nutrient-mediated, not through direct membrane fluidization.