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    Neurosyphilis, a serious syphilis complication, is increasingly diagnosed. Recognizing specific neuroimaging patterns and understanding diagnostic limitations are crucial for neurologists managing this challenging condition.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Infectious syphilis cases have risen since 2000, particularly among men who have sex with men, many coinfected with HIV.
    • Neurosyphilis can manifest at any stage of syphilis and presents diagnostic challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of neurosyphilis.
    • To highlight key aspects relevant to neurological practice.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review focusing on etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and treatment options for neurosyphilis.
    • Analysis of recent trends in infectious syphilis and neurosyphilis epidemiology.

    Main Results:

    • Neurosyphilis diagnosis requires awareness of specific neuroimaging findings, such as cerebral gummas and medial temporal lobe abnormalities.
    • Penicillin G is the primary treatment, with ceftriaxone as a potential alternative.

    Conclusions:

    • Diagnosing neurosyphilis is complex and necessitates a thorough understanding of its varied clinical presentations.
    • Neurologists must be adept at interpreting diagnostic tests and recognizing the nuances of neurosyphilis management.