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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Infertility in Females01:28

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
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Using Mouse Oocytes to Assess Human Gene Function During Meiosis I
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Is the wrong question being asked in infertility research?

Barbara Luke1, Judy E Stern2, Mark D Hornstein3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, 965 Fee Road, East Fee Hall, Room 628, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA. lukeb@msu.edu.

Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics
|December 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is linked to adverse birth outcomes. Research suggests underlying infertility diagnoses, not ART itself, may be the primary cause of these risks.

Keywords:
Adverse pregnancy outcomesAssisted reproductive technologyChild healthWomen’s health

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Perinatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is consistently associated with increased risks of adverse birth outcomes, including prematurity, low birthweight, and congenital malformations.
  • Previous research often attributed these risks to ART treatment parameters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the primary drivers of adverse birth outcomes in ART-treated pregnancies.
  • To shift the focus of infertility research from ART treatment to underlying infertility-related diagnoses.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study comparing pregnancy and birth outcomes in three groups: ART-treated women, subfertile women without ART, and fertile women.
  • Analysis of the influence of infertility-related diagnoses on maternal and infant outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The study's perspective evolved, identifying underlying infertility diagnoses as a more significant factor than ART treatment parameters in adverse outcomes.
  • Evidence supports a shift in focus for infertility research.

Conclusions:

  • Preexisting pathologies underlying infertility play a crucial role in adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.
  • Future infertility research should prioritize investigating the impact of underlying maternal conditions.