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Apelin: an antithrombotic factor that inhibits platelet function.

Frédéric Adam1, Abdel-Majid Khatib2, Jose Javier Lopez1

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Apelin peptide inhibits platelet activation, impacting hemostasis. This discovery suggests apelin or APJ agonists could offer new antiplatelet therapies for thrombotic events.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Hemostasis and Thrombosis
  • Platelet Signaling

Background:

  • Apelin peptide and its receptor APJ are involved in cardiovascular homeostasis and immune signaling.
  • The precise role of apelin in hemostasis and platelet function remains to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of apelin in hemostasis and platelet activation.
  • To determine the potential of apelin as a therapeutic target for antiplatelet strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized knockout mice lacking apelin to assess bleeding time and prothrombotic profiles.
  • Examined platelet adhesion, aggregation, and occlusion times in response to various agonists.
  • Investigated the direct effects of apelin on thrombin-, ADP-, and thromboxane A2-mediated platelet activation pathways.
  • Administered intravenous apelin to mice to evaluate its in vivo effects on bleeding and thrombosis.

Main Results:

  • Mice lacking apelin exhibited shorter bleeding times and a prothrombotic phenotype.
  • Apelin deficiency led to increased platelet adhesion, reduced venular occlusion time, and enhanced thrombin-induced platelet aggregation.
  • Apelin directly inhibited thrombin-mediated platelet activation, but not pathways involving ADP or thromboxane A2.
  • Intravenous apelin administration in mice caused excessive bleeding and prevented thrombosis.

Conclusions:

  • Apelin is a key regulator of hemostasis by inhibiting thrombin- and collagen-mediated platelet activation.
  • Apelin and/or APJ agonists represent promising therapeutic candidates for antiplatelet therapy.
  • These findings offer a novel perspective for managing patients with persistent thrombotic events despite current treatments.