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Updated: Aug 16, 2026
03:55
Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
Published on: June 9, 2023
Medical treatment of benign and malignant thyroid tumors
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor.
Abstract:
This article discusses the multiple types of benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Benign nodules are subclassified as hypofunctioning or functioning and hyperfunctioning, and the management and treatment of these nodules are outlined. The author also discusses in detail the morphologic types, distinctive prognoses, and responses to therapies of the various malignant tumors.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
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