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Thyroid follicular cell carcinogenesis.

R N Hill1, L S Erdreich, O E Paynter

  • 1Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460.

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
|May 1, 1989
PubMed
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Thyroid-pituitary disruption in animals can cause thyroid tumors, often reversible by restoring hormonal balance. Human data is less certain, with ionizing radiation being the primary known carcinogen.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Inhibition of thyroid-pituitary homeostasis is linked to thyroid follicular cell neoplasms in animal models.
  • Long-term hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated thyroid stimulating hormone, drive tumor development.
  • This process involves stages from cellular changes to benign and malignant growths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between thyroid-pituitary homeostasis and thyroid neoplasms.
  • To compare findings in animal models with human data regarding thyroid carcinogens.
  • To elucidate mechanisms of thyroid carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental animal data on thyroid-pituitary axis disruption and neoplasia.
  • Analysis of chemical and physical agents affecting thyroid function and tumor development.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of animal findings with human epidemiological and experimental evidence.

    • Main Results:

    • In animals, thyroid neoplasms arise from sustained hormonal imbalances, often reversible.
    • Most chemicals induce tumors by affecting thyroid hormone synthesis or degradation, not necessarily via genotoxicity.
    • Ionizing radiation is the only confirmed human thyroid carcinogen; human sensitivity to hormonal disruption differs from animals.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid-pituitary axis disruption is a significant factor in animal thyroid carcinogenesis.
    • Mechanisms involve hormonal imbalance and potentially genotoxicity for some agents.
    • Human thyroid cancer development from hormonal disruption is less clear and likely involves lower sensitivity compared to animal models.