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Related Concept Videos

Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

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Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
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Primary Symptoms of COPD:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
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Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

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Cryptococcal laryngitis: An uncommon presentation of a common pathogen.

Y Atiya, S D Masege

    South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
    |December 5, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungus found in pigeon droppings, can cause serious infections. This report details the first South African case of cryptococcal laryngitis in a young woman with HIV.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Mycology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Cryptococcus neoformans is a globally prevalent encapsulated yeast, often associated with avian habitats.
    • It typically causes pulmonary infections, with potential dissemination to the central nervous system, skin, and bone.
    • While most common in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV, it can also affect immunocompetent hosts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the first documented case of cryptococcal laryngitis in South Africa.
    • To highlight an uncommon presentation of Cryptococcus neoformans infection.
    • To emphasize the importance of considering fungal infections in patients with persistent hoarseness.

    Main Methods:

    • Case study presentation.

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  • Clinical diagnosis of laryngitis.
  • Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans.

    • Main Results:

    • A young HIV-positive woman presented with hoarseness of unknown cause.
    • The hoarseness was diagnosed as cryptococcal laryngitis.
    • This represents the first reported case in South Africa.

    Conclusions:

    • Cryptococcal laryngitis is a rare but significant manifestation of Cryptococcus neoformans infection.
    • This case underscores the need for diagnostic consideration of fungal infections in HIV-positive patients with laryngeal symptoms.
    • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing cryptococcal infections.