Cryptococcal laryngitis: An uncommon presentation of a common pathogen

Area of Science:

• Medical Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Cryptococcus neoformans is a globally prevalent encapsulated yeast, often associated with avian habitats.
• It typically causes pulmonary infections, with potential dissemination to the central nervous system, skin, and bone.
• While most common in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV, it can also affect immunocompetent hosts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report the first documented case of cryptococcal laryngitis in South Africa.
• To highlight an uncommon presentation of Cryptococcus neoformans infection.
• To emphasize the importance of considering fungal infections in patients with persistent hoarseness.

Main Methods:

• Case study presentation.
• Clinical diagnosis of laryngitis.
• Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Main Results:

• A young HIV-positive woman presented with hoarseness of unknown cause.
• The hoarseness was diagnosed as cryptococcal laryngitis.
• This represents the first reported case in South Africa.

Conclusions:

• Cryptococcal laryngitis is a rare but significant manifestation of Cryptococcus neoformans infection.
• This case underscores the need for diagnostic consideration of fungal infections in HIV-positive patients with laryngeal symptoms.
• Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing cryptococcal infections.