Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 29, 2026
11:10
Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt
Published on: August 26, 2015
12.2K
Local Operators in the Eternal Black Hole
Kyriakos Papadodimas1, Suvrat Raju2
1Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands and Theory Group, Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
Physical Review Letters
|December 5, 2015
Summary
States in the AdS/CFT correspondence dual to eternal black holes can be probed using gauge-invariant relational observables. These observables, analyzed via effective field theory, reveal state-dependent bulk-boundary maps crucial for understanding the black hole interior.
Area of Science:
- Theoretical physics
- Quantum gravity
- String theory
Background:
- The AdS/CFT correspondence links gravitational theories in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space to conformal field theories (CFTs) on its boundary.
- Thermofield double states are crucial for understanding black hole thermodynamics and the emergence of spacetime in holographic contexts.
- Eternal black holes in AdS/CFT are dual to specific thermofield double states evolved under Hamiltonian evolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define and analyze gauge-invariant relational observables that probe the interior of black holes dual to evolved thermofield double states.
- To constrain the properties of these black hole states using effective field theory methods.
- To connect these observables to the black hole information paradox and construct explicit state-dependent bulk-boundary maps.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing the AdS/CFT correspondence to relate boundary states to bulk geometries.
- Applying Hamiltonian evolution to thermofield double states.
- Employing gauge-invariant relational observables to probe the black hole interior.
- Using effective field theory to constrain observable properties.
- Adapting recent formulations of the black hole information paradox.
Main Results:
- States evolved from the thermofield double are dual to eternal black hole geometries with specific boundary conditions.
- Gauge-invariant relational observables successfully probe the black hole interior in these holographic states.
- Effective field theory analysis constrains the properties of these observables.
- The study demonstrates that these observables necessitate state-dependent bulk-boundary maps.
Conclusions:
- The constructed observables provide a novel way to study the black hole interior within the AdS/CFT framework.
- State-dependent bulk-boundary maps are essential for a consistent description of these observables and the holographic duality.
- This work offers insights into resolving the black hole information paradox through a relational observable perspective.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Detection of Black Holes
2.6K
Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
2.6K
01:21Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon
3.0K
No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape...
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape...
3.0K
01:22Second Derivatives and Laplace Operator
2.8K
The first order operators using the del operator include the gradient, divergence and curl. Certain combinations of first order operators on a scalar or vector function yield second order expressions. Second-order expressions play a very important role in mathematics and physics. Some second order expressions include the divergence and curl of a gradient function, the divergence and curl of a curl function, and the gradient of a divergence function.
Consider a scalar function. The curl of its...
Consider a scalar function. The curl of its...
2.8K
01:13Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field
6.5K
The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
6.5K
01:27Toroids
4.3K
A toroid is a closely wound donut-shaped coil constructed using a single conducting wire. In general, it is assumed that a toriod consists of multiple circular loops perpendicular to its axis.
When connected to a supply, the magnetic field generated in the toroid has field lines circular and concentric to its axis. Conventionally, the direction of this magnetic field is expressed using the right-hand rule. If the fingers of the right hand curl in the current direction, the thumb points in...
When connected to a supply, the magnetic field generated in the toroid has field lines circular and concentric to its axis. Conventionally, the direction of this magnetic field is expressed using the right-hand rule. If the fingers of the right hand curl in the current direction, the thumb points in...
4.3K
01:16Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop
6.9K
Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
6.9K