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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
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Optical Metacages.

Ali Mirzaei1, Andrey E Miroshnichenko1, Ilya V Shadrivov1

  • 1Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia.

Physical Review Letters
|December 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed optical metacages using nanowires for selective light shielding. These structures protect any shape, offering versatile spectral filtering and vanishing backscattering properties.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Nanotechnology
  • Metamaterials Science

Background:

  • Effective optical shielding of arbitrary volumes is challenging.
  • Nanowire structures offer potential for tailored optical responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze optical metacages for spectrally selective shielding.
  • To investigate the geometric versatility and optical properties of these nanowire shields.

Main Methods:

  • Designing and simulating two- or three-layer nanowire structures.
  • Employing semianalytical approaches and numerical simulations.
  • Analyzing near-field, far-field, frequency selectivity, and backscattering.

Main Results:

  • Optical metacages demonstrate functionality for arbitrary geometries.

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  • Both metallic and dielectric metacages show designed spectral selectivity.
  • Vanishing backscattering regime and tailored near/far-field properties were observed.

    • Conclusions:

    • Optical metacages represent a novel strategy for flexible optical shielding.
    • Nanowire metamaterials offer tunable spectral control and protection.
    • The proposed structures have potential applications in advanced optical systems.