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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

109
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
109
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

14.9K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

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Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
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Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration02:36

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Hydroboration

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A significant aspect of hydroboration–oxidation is the regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Hydroboration proceeds in a concerted fashion with the attack of borane on the π bond, giving a cyclic four-centered transition state. The –BH2 group is bonded to the less substituted carbon and –H to the more substituted carbon. The concerted nature requires the simultaneous addition of –H and –BH2 across the same face of the alkene giving syn stereochemistry.
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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

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Synthesis of Stable Shape-Controlled Catalytically Active β-Palladium Hydride.

Zipeng Zhao1, Xiaoqing Huang1, Mufan Li1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ‡California Nanosystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Stable beta-palladium hydride (PdH0.43) nanocrystals were synthesized with controllable shapes and remarkable air stability. These PdH0.43 nanocrystals show high efficiency as catalysts for methanol oxidation, outperforming palladium.

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
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Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Palladium-based materials are crucial in catalysis.
  • Developing stable and efficient catalytic nanomaterials remains a significant challenge.
  • Beta-palladium hydride (PdH0.43) has not been extensively studied for its catalytic potential due to stability concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for producing stable beta-palladium hydride (PdH0.43) nanocrystals.
  • To investigate the catalytic properties of these novel PdH0.43 nanocrystals.
  • To compare the catalytic activity of PdH0.43 nanocrystals with traditional palladium catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of beta-palladium hydride (PdH0.43) nanocrystals with controlled shapes.
  • Assessment of nanocrystal stability under ambient conditions (air, room temperature).
  • Evaluation of catalytic performance in methanol oxidation reactions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved efficient production of stable beta-palladium hydride (PdH0.43) nanocrystals.
  • Demonstrated remarkable air stability of PdH0.43 nanocrystals for over 10 months.
  • PdH0.43 nanocrystals exhibited higher catalytic activity in methanol oxidation compared to palladium counterparts.

Conclusions:

  • Stable beta-palladium hydride (PdH0.43) nanocrystals can be successfully synthesized.
  • These PdH0.43 nanocrystals represent a promising new class of highly efficient catalytic materials.
  • Further research into beta-palladium hydride-based nanomaterials for catalysis and other applications is warranted.