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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.3K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.8K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

2.4K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
2.4K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

9.9K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
09:52

Combinational Treatment of Trichostatin A and Vitamin C Improves the Efficiency of Cloning Mice by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

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Human SCNT Gets a Boost from Histone Demethylation.

Alessia Deglincerti1, Ali H Brivanlou1

  • 1Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|December 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Human somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) offers regenerative medicine potential but faces reprogramming variability. A new method simplifies SCNT application to difficult-to-reprogram oocytes, expanding its use.

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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
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Last Updated: Mar 29, 2026

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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Stem cell science
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Human somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a key technology for generating patient-specific pluripotent stem cells.
  • Variability in reprogramming efficiency limits the clinical application of SCNT.
  • Oocytes are crucial for SCNT, but some are difficult to reprogram, hindering efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple method to improve human SCNT efficiency.
  • To expand the applicability of SCNT to hard-to-reprogram oocytes.
  • To overcome reprogramming variability in SCNT.

Main Methods:

  • The study introduces a novel technique to enhance SCNT reprogramming in human oocytes.
  • The method focuses on improving the interaction between the somatic cell nucleus and the oocyte.
  • Specific modifications were applied to facilitate reprogramming of challenging oocytes.

Main Results:

  • The new method significantly increased reprogramming efficiency in human SCNT.
  • SCNT was successfully applied to oocytes previously considered hard-to-reprogram.
  • Reduced variability in reprogramming outcomes was observed using the novel technique.

Conclusions:

  • A simple and effective method has been developed to improve human SCNT.
  • This advancement expands the potential of SCNT for regenerative medicine applications.
  • The findings address a major limitation in SCNT by improving reprogramming of difficult oocytes.