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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Author Spotlight: Achieving High-Purity In Vitro Differentiation of Th17 Cells Using Cytokine Concentration Modulation
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A Metabolic Switch for Th17 Pathogenicity.

Fred P Davis1, Yuka Kanno1, John J O'Shea1

  • 1Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Cell
|December 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T helper 17 (Th17) cells play a dual role in immunity and autoimmunity. Research reveals CD5L influences pro-inflammatory gene expression in Th17 cells by modulating lipid synthesis pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • T helper 17 (Th17) cells are crucial for host defense against pathogens.
  • Dysregulated Th17 cell activity is implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing Th17 cell function is essential for therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular drivers of divergent T helper 17 cell behavior.
  • To identify key genes associated with inflammation in Th17 cells.
  • To elucidate the role of CD5L in regulating Th17 cell-mediated inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell gene expression profiling of nearly 1,000 individual Th17 cells.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify inflammation-associated genes.
  • Experimental validation of CD5L function in Th17 cells.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a distinct set of inflammation-associated genes in Th17 cells.
  • Demonstration that CD5L significantly impacts the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.
  • Evidence suggests CD5L exerts its effect by modulating lipid synthesis pathways within Th17 cells.

Conclusions:

  • CD5L is a key regulator of pro-inflammatory gene expression in T helper 17 cells.
  • Altered lipid synthesis is a mechanism by which CD5L influences Th17 cell function.
  • These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of Th17-driven autoimmune diseases.