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Related Concept Videos

Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

96.3K
Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
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Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

8.9K
Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells,...
8.9K
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

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Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
Endocytosis always begins with the plasma membrane enclosing an incoming molecule to form a transport vesicle which, in some cases, can be coated with a protein called ‘clathrin.' Endocytosed material is either...
13.9K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

10.5K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
10.5K
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

11.6K
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
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Analyzing Cellular Internalization of Nanoparticles and Bacteria by Multi-spectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Analyzing Cellular Internalization of Nanoparticles and Bacteria by Multi-spectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

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Nanoparticle Uptake: The Phagocyte Problem.

Heather Herd Gustafson1, Dolly Holt-Casper2, David W Grainger3

  • 1University of Utah, Department of Bioengineering, 36 S. Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 USA ; University of Utah, Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 USA.

Nano Today
|December 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phagocytes, especially macrophages, process nanomaterials, influencing host responses and nanotoxicity. Understanding their role is crucial for assessing nanomaterial exposure risks and inflammatory outcomes.

Keywords:
biodistributioncirculationclearancedrug deliveryimagingmacrophagetoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterial toxicology
  • Immunology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Phagocytes, particularly macrophages, are critical in host interactions with nanomaterials.
  • They initiate clearance, influence biodistribution, and mediate the balance between tolerance and nanotoxicity.
  • Macrophages are primary responders to nanoparticles within the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how macrophages recognize, internalize, and traffic nanomaterials.
  • To describe macrophage-initiated inflammatory and immunological responses to nanomaterial exposure.
  • To highlight the importance of macrophage behavior in understanding nanomaterial risks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on phagocyte-nanomaterial interactions.
  • Analysis of cellular processing, trafficking, and immune responses.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of macrophage roles in nanotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • Macrophages are central to nanomaterial processing and subsequent host reactions.
  • Nanomaterial uptake by macrophages triggers significant inflammatory and immunological pathways.
  • Understanding these cellular mechanisms is key to predicting in vivo responses.

Conclusions:

  • Macrophage interactions with nanomaterials are pivotal in determining host outcomes.
  • This review consolidates knowledge on macrophage-driven inflammation and immunity post-nanomaterial exposure.
  • Further research into these cellular processes is essential for nanomaterial safety assessment.