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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Cecum microbial communities from steers differing in feed efficiency.

P R Myer, J E Wells, T P L Smith

    Journal of Animal Science
    |December 8, 2015
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Bovine cecal microbial communities show significant differences linked to feed efficiency. Specific bacterial families and genera in the gut are associated with how well cattle convert feed into growth.

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal Science
    • Microbiology
    • Genomics

    Background:

    • Limited understanding of gastrointestinal bacterial communities beyond the rumen in beef cattle.
    • Feed efficiency is a critical economic trait in beef production, influenced by host-microbe interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize cecal microbial communities in steers with varying feed efficiency.
    • To identify associations between specific microbial populations and feed intake or weight gain.

    Main Methods:

    • Next-generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes from cecal content.
    • Grouping steers into feed efficiency quadrants based on feed intake and body weight gain.
    • Analysis of microbial diversity, richness, and relative abundance of taxa.

    Main Results:

    • No significant differences in cecal microbial diversity or richness were observed among feed efficiency groups.
    • Significant shifts in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa, including families Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Clostridiaceae, were associated with feed efficiency.
    • Identified associations between cecal microbial communities and average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI).

    Conclusions:

    • The cecal microbial community composition is associated with feed efficiency in beef cattle.
    • Specific bacterial populations in the cecum may play a role in modulating feed conversion in steers.
    • Further research at the 16S rRNA gene level suggests a link between gut microbiota and bovine feed efficiency.