A novel fluorescent probe for Cr(3+) based on rhodamine-crown ether conjugate and its application to drinking water...

A trivalent chromium (Cr(3+)) fluorescence probe (RhC) was designed and synthesized via Schiff base reaction based on rhodamine-crown ether conjugate. This probe displayed a favorable selectivity for Cr(3+) over a range of other common metal ions in DMF/H2O (3:7, v/v; PBS buffer 50 mmol L(-1); pH=6.8) solution, leading to prominent fluorescence "OFF-ON" switching of the rhodamine fluorophore. The limit of detection was calculated to be 1.5 μmol L(-1) (S/N=3). The binding ratio of RhC-Cr(3+) complex was determined to be 1:2 according to the Job's plot and HR-MS. The probe was successfully applied to examination of Cr(3+) in drinking water spiked samples. The average recoveries ranged from 104.9% to 106.9% at spiked concentration level of 10.00 μmol L(-1), and the obtained results were consistent with those obtained using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Moreover, bioimaging experiments showed that RhC can sense the Cr(3+) in living cells with a fluorescence enhancement signal.