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Anicteric gallbladder rupture in dogs: 5 cases (2007-2013).

Sarah C Guess, Kenneth R Harkin, David S Biller

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

|December 8, 2015

Summary

Gallbladder rupture in dogs can occur even with normal bilirubin levels. Consider this diagnosis in dogs with abdominal pain and fluid, especially if a gallbladder mucocele is suspected.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Canine Surgery
Gastroenterology

Background:

Gallbladder rupture is a critical condition in dogs.
Elevated serum total bilirubin is a common indicator of gallbladder disease.
However, some dogs may present with gallbladder rupture despite normal bilirubin levels.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the clinical, laboratory, and surgical findings in dogs with confirmed gallbladder rupture.
To investigate cases where serum total bilirubin concentration remained within reference limits.

Main Methods:

A retrospective case series of 5 dogs diagnosed with gallbladder rupture.
Medical records were reviewed for dogs treated between November 2007 and November 2013.
Inclusion criteria included abdominal ultrasonography, serum total bilirubin ≤ 0.4 mg/dL, and surgical confirmation of rupture.

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Main Results:

All dogs had ultrasonographic evidence of abdominal effusion and either an unidentifiable or distended gallbladder (suspected mucocele).
Pre-operative serum total bilirubin was within reference limits (median 0.2 mg/dL).
In one case, comparing serum and peritoneal fluid bile acid concentrations supported the diagnosis of gallbladder rupture.

Conclusions:

Gallbladder rupture should be suspected in dogs with acute abdominal pain, suspected gallbladder mucocele, and abdominal effusion, even with normal serum bilirubin.
Comparing serum and peritoneal fluid bile acid concentrations may aid in diagnosing gallbladder rupture.