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Exercise and diabetes: relevance and causes for response variability.

Anja Böhm1,2,3, Cora Weigert1,2,3, Harald Staiger1,2,3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.

Endocrine
|December 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Many people don't respond equally to exercise for improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Understanding exercise resistance is key for personalized diabetes and obesity prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Adverse response to exerciseExercise resistanceGlucose homeostasisGlucose toleranceInsulin sensitivityLifestyle interventionNon-response

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Metabolic health
  • Personalized medicine

Background:

  • Exercise is a globally recommended strategy for preventing type 2 diabetes and obesity.
  • Individual responses to exercise interventions vary significantly, with some individuals exhibiting 'exercise resistance'.
  • This variability impacts key metabolic health markers like glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on exercise response variability in humans.
  • To focus on the mechanisms and predictors of non-response to exercise.
  • To inform the development of personalized exercise interventions for metabolic health.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of human studies.
  • Analysis of data focusing on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity.
  • Examination of factors contributing to exercise resistance.

Main Results:

  • Significant heterogeneity exists in individual responses to exercise interventions.
  • Specific predictors for exercise response and resistance are being identified.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for optimizing health outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise resistance is a notable phenomenon affecting glucose homeostasis.
  • Further research into the mechanisms underlying exercise response variability is needed.
  • Personalized exercise prescriptions can improve the efficacy of training for diabetes and obesity prevention.