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Radiation shielding in dentistry: an update.

G D Crane1, P V Abbott1

  • 1School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre of Western Australia, The University of Western Australia, Australia.

Australian Dental Journal
|December 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Dental radiology uses ionizing radiation, posing potential risks despite limited data on low doses. Patient benefit must outweigh risk, employing justification, optimization, and dose limits for radiation protection.

Keywords:
Dental imagingX-rayradiationshieldingthyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Dental Imaging
  • Radiation Protection

Background:

  • Limited data exists on the effects of low-dose radiation typical in dental radiology.
  • Existing risk models are often extrapolated from higher-dose studies, introducing potential bias.
  • No definitively 'safe' radiation exposure level has been established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on patient radiation protection in dentistry.
  • To provide evidence-based guidelines for radiation safety in dental settings.
  • To address the risks associated with ionizing radiation in dental procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on dental radiology and radiation effects.
  • Analysis of risk models and extrapolation from higher-dose studies.
  • Discussion of established principles: justification, optimization, and dose limitation.

Main Results:

  • All diagnostic imaging with ionizing radiation carries inherent patient risk.
  • The benefits of dental imaging must demonstrably outweigh the associated risks.
  • Specific dose reduction techniques and shielding strategies are crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to justification, optimization, and dose limits is essential for patient safety.
  • Shielding sensitive organs, like the thyroid, is recommended during dental imaging.
  • Guidelines are provided for intraoral imaging, orthopantomograms, and imaging of pregnant patients.