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Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton
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Responses to simulated winter conditions differ between threespine stickleback ecotypes.

Taylor C Gibbons1, Seth M Rudman1, Patricia M Schulte1

  • 1Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4.

Molecular Ecology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phenotypic plasticity

Keywords:
fishgene expressiongrowthion regulationsalinitytemperature

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Ecology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Abiotic factors influence species colonization and local adaptation.
  • Phenotypic plasticity's role in local adaptation is not fully understood.
  • Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) provide a model for studying adaptation to new environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate winter conditions driving divergence during freshwater colonization.
  • Examine plasticity's effect on local adaptation in marine and freshwater stickleback.
  • Understand the interplay between environmental change, plasticity, and adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Compared marine and freshwater stickleback ecotypes.
  • Assessed tolerance to low temperatures and simulated winter conditions (9L:15D photoperiod at 4 °C).
  • Measured plasma chloride levels, epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) gene expression, growth (final mass), and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3) gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Freshwater stickleback showed higher acute cold tolerance, but plasticity abolished differences after winter acclimation.
  • Plasma chloride plasticity was similar between ecotypes.
  • ECaC expression differed between ecotypes but lacked plasticity; NHE3 expression and growth showed plasticity in marine but not freshwater ecotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial trait divergence exists between freshwater and marine stickleback.
  • Plasticity's role in local adaptation is complex and context-dependent.
  • Evidence suggests genetic assimilation may have influenced growth and NHE3 expression in freshwater stickleback.