[The Concept of Immunogenic Cell Death in Antitumor Immunity]

Cancer cell death can be immunogenic or nonimmunogenic depending on the initiating stimulus. The immunogenic characteristics of immunogenic cell death are mainly mediated by damage-associated molecular patterns represented by preapoptotic exposure of calreticulin and heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) from endoplasmic reticulum at the cell surface and active secretion of adenosintriphospate. Other damage-associated molecular patterns are produced in late stage apoptosis as high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) into the extracellular milieu. Such signals operate on various receptors expressed by antigen presenting cells, mainly by population of dendritic cells, to stimulate the activation of antigen specific T-cell response. In this review, we describe the current known immunogenic cell death inducers and their potential to activate antitumor immune response.