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Does Music Training Enhance Literacy Skills? A Meta-Analysis.

Reyna L Gordon1, Hilda M Fehd2, Bruce D McCandliss3

  • 1Music Cognition Lab, Program for Music, Mind and Society, Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA ; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology
|December 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Music training enhances children's phonological awareness skills, a key component of literacy. However, the study found no significant impact on reading fluency, suggesting music's benefits for literacy are specific.

Keywords:
brain developmentliteracymeta-analysismusic trainingphonological awarenessreading

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Music Cognition

Background:

  • Children's music practice correlates with improved literacy skills.
  • Music training studies aim to confirm direct transfer of benefits to literacy.
  • Previous research yields mixed results due to varied outcome measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analytically investigate music training's direct impact on children's literacy skills.
  • To address inconsistencies in prior music training and literacy research.
  • To examine phonological awareness and reading fluency as key outcome measures.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a meta-analysis of 13 peer-reviewed music training studies (n=901).
  • Included studies with music vs. control groups and pre/post measures, ensuring consistent reading instruction.
  • Analyzed phonological awareness and reading fluency outcomes, exploring moderators like training hours, age, and control type.

Main Results:

  • Music training significantly improved phonological awareness skills (d = 0.2), with stronger effects for rhyming skills correlating with more training hours.
  • No significant aggregate transfer effect was found for reading fluency measures.
  • Potential influences of intervention design, IQ, and SES were considered.

Conclusions:

  • Music training positively influences specific literacy-related skills, particularly phonological awareness.
  • The transfer effect to reading fluency remains inconclusive based on current evidence.
  • Findings suggest music training may enhance literacy through shared neural mechanisms supporting music and language cognition.