Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: From Pathophysiology to Treatment

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Cardiology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
• Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 describes the cardiovascular involvement in CKD, with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) being a key indicator.
• LVH is prevalent in CKD patients, often detectable by stage IIIb-IV, and significantly impacts hemodialysis patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical aspects of CKD-related LVH.
• To provide practical guidelines for cardiologists and nephrologists in managing LVH in CKD patients.
• To highlight the importance of accurate LVH evaluation in CKD.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical literature on CKD-related LVH.
• Discussion of diagnostic challenges and imaging modalities for LVH assessment (CT, MRI).
• Analysis of current treatment principles for LVH in CKD.

Main Results:

• Cardiovascular involvement, particularly LVH, is highly prevalent in CKD patients.
• Accurate evaluation of LVH can be challenging due to heterogeneous methods.
• Effective management strategies include controlling anemia, blood pressure, and secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Conclusions:

• CKD-related LVH is a critical clinical issue requiring integrated management by cardiologists and nephrologists.
• Standardized imaging methods are needed for accurate LVH assessment.
• Proactive management of contributing factors is essential for improving outcomes in CKD patients with LVH.